Device for producing a distributed wave winding

ABSTRACT

A device is provided for producing a distributed wave winding. To improve the currently used method for producing a distributed wave winding the device provides for a relative indexing to be carried out between a template and a coil receiver after a first concentric coil group has been transferred from the template to the coil receiver. After this indexing, a further concentric coil group of the same phase, with a connection to the first coil group, is wound on the template and transferred to the coil receiver. The template and coil receiver rotate synchronously during the winding of the further coil group.

The invention relates to a method for producing a distributed wavewinding for electric motors or generators, especially those with a highnumber of poles, and to a device for performing it.

In simple undistributed wave windings (see European Patent Disclosure EP0 226 550 B1, FIG. 1), each phase is a single wave-like coil, which thenwhen inserted in the stator has the same number of windings in thestator slots as in the stator winding heads. This has the disadvantagethat when three phases are placed in the stator, crossings are createdthat unnecessarily enlarge the winding head, and aside from otherdisadvantages in particular prevent a high fill factor from beingattained. For this reason, a so-called distributed winding is as a rulepreferred, in which the wire portions located in a slot of the statorare partly in one circumferential direction and partly in the other oneach end face of the stator (see German patent disclosure DE 29 21 114,FIG. 2). Thus the winding heads of one phase are distributed, andtogether with the other identically disposed phases, they form arelatively narrow winding head.

If the wave winding, for instance according to German Patent DisclosuresDE 23 51 952 B2 or DE 31 20 865 A1, is prewound essentially in a roundform and then deformed into a star-like or wave-shaped cross section andthen inserted, then while double-layered wave windings can still bemade, nevertheless the two layers cannot be wound in succession withoutan interruption in the wire; instead, after the insertion, which resultsin the situation shown in German Patent DE 35 22 085 C2, they have to bejoined together by a so-called circuit interconnection.

Finally, from German Patent DE 42 44 488 C1, it is also already known tocreate concentric wave-like windings by means of a winding nozzle thatrevolves relative to a fixed template and to make a distributed windingas described, without any interruption in the wire. However, this isfeasible only with the aid of a complicated wire length pulling device,not shown in the reference. This is because when a second coil groupbegins to be wound, it is necessary for the end of the first coil groupthat has already been ejected to be held using a wire length pullingdevice.

In this method, aside from the complicated wire length pulling devicerequired, there is the disadvantage that a revolving winding nozzlewinds the coils. As a result, at most two parallel winding wires can beprocessed. This restriction is due to the fact that the revolvingwinding nozzle is a flyer with multiple deflections of the winding wire.

Particularly for generators, it is necessary to produce a plurality ofparallel windings, that is, more than two such parallel windings; thusthe known device runs up against its limits, since even with doublyparallel windings, crossings in the flyer and on the template occur thataffect the insertion and the distribution in the winding head.

It is therefore the object of the invention to create a method of thetype defined at the outset and a device suitable for performing it,which with a short cycle time make it possible to produce a distributedwinding with a circuit interconnection between the coil groups and theprocessing of a plurality of parallel wires.

The above object is attained according to the invention in that afterthe transfer of a concentric coil group 50 a relative indexing takesplace between the template 12 and a coil receiver 38, and after that afurther concentric coil group 54 of the same phase with an connection 52to the previous coil group 50 is wound onto the template 12 andtransferred into the coil receiver 38.

The invention offers the advantage that the beginning of winding of thesecond coil group takes place without a complicated wire length pullingdevice, since the end of the first coil group after the ejection extendsobliquely over one flank of a cam of the template, so that when thesecond coil group begins to be wound, the winding wire is carried alongby the template. In certain cases, especially with relatively thinwires, it is necessary for a holding-down device to restrain thealready-wound first coil group in the coil receiver and keep it inposition, so that when the second coil group begins to be wound, thewinding wire will be drawn not from the coil receiver but only from thewire guide nozzle.

Another advantage is that a plurality of parallel wires—at present, fourparallel wires—that are required for the stators of generators can beprocessed without creating crossings between the individual wires, sincethe individual wires from wire supply barrels are guided directly via awire guide nozzle onto the template. The invention also makes itpossible to process a multiple of the four parallel wires required inthe present instance.

The invention is also designed such that one phase can be distributedover more than two coil groups. This can mean that one phase isdistributed over six coil groups, for example. In this example, thisdoes lengthen the cycle time, but a better winding head distribution onthe stator is achieved. This still changes nothing in the inventiveconcept that the six coil groups are wound with a circuitinterconnection. This is attained in that in the winding of each furthercoil group, the template and the coil receiver rotate synchronously, andaccordingly so do the various wound coil groups that are deposited inthe coil receiver. The synchronous rotation is effected by means of aslaving rod that comes from the middle of the template and is coupledinto the insertion star and set jointly into rotation by a templatedrive.

The invention will be described in further detail below in terms ofexemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Shown are:

FIG. 1, a winding device for a wave winding, and a coil receiver with acoil group;

FIG. 2, a device identical to FIG. 1 but with two coil groups;

FIG. 3, a cross section through FIG. 1;

FIG. 4, a cross section through FIG. 2;

FIG. 5, a pattern diagram of two coil groups.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in a longitudinal section, show one embodiment of theinvention, whose winding principle has already been described in detailin German Patent Disclosure DE 0S 43 06 624. The winder 10 comprises atemplate 12 and forming elements 14, 16 and 18, which are embodiedrotatably about a common axis 20 through a motor, not otherwise shown,and a wire guide nozzle 22, which is disposed in stationary fashion. Aslaving rod 32 rotatable synchronously with the template 12 is disposedon the axis 20, which is capable of making a positive connection with acoil receiver 38. Secured to the slaving rod 32 is a cam 34, whichcontrols a holding-down device 36.

In this example, the coil receiver 38 comprises individual insertionlaminations 40 disposed in a circle, between which slots are formedwhich receive the fully wound coils. A insertion star 44 is disposed atthe center of the insertion laminations 40 and can be coupled to theslaving rod 32. The complete coil receiver 38 is rotatably supported bya bearing 46 relative to a housing, not shown, and can be indexed by adrive motor 48 into a different rotary angle position relative to thetemplate 12. It is also possible for the indexing of the coil receiver38 to be done via the slaving rod 32.

FIG. 1 shows a first already-wound coil group 50 that has been ejectedfrom the template 12 into the coil receiver and has a circuitinterconnection 52 to the wire guide nozzle 22.

FIG. 2 shows the same view as FIG. 1, but with a second coil group 54;the interconnection 52 is automatically integrated between the two coilgroups 50 and 54 when the winding of the second coil group 54 begins,without forming an unnecessary length.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show a cross section through FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively,and in detail show that a cutting knife 24 and a wire delivery head 26are disposed between the wire guide nozzle 22 and the template 12, andthis delivery head delivers the beginning 28 of a winding wire to aclamping device 30 on the template 12.

In this example, the template 12 comprises six outward-pointing cams,and the forming elements 14, 16 and 18 comprise six inward-pointingcams. The forming elements 14, 16 and 18 are controlled by a cam path,not shown—as already described in DE-OS 43 06 624. Another factor isthat the forming elements 16 and 18 are also radially freelycontrollable by separate drives, not shown.

FIG. 3 shows the beginning 28 of the winding wire and the end 56 of thefirst coil group 50.

FIG. 4 shows the end 56 of the first coil group 50, which lies against atemplate cam and at the same time is the beginning for the second coilgroup 54, and the end 58 of the second coil group 54.

FIG. 5 shows only the wound pattern diagram of the coil groups 50 and54; for the sake of clearer explanation, the first coil group 50 isshown complete, while only half of the second coil group 54 is shown.

From FIG. 5, the aforementioned stated object of the invention can bedescribed in greater detail. If as is already known only the first—wavewinding—coil group 50 were wound and inserted into a stator, then thewinding heads would have the same number of windings as the wirespresent in a slot.

If the so-called “distributed winding” is wound, however, by dividingthe number of windings of one phase in half, and if the first coil group50 is wound with half of the windings and then with the circuitinterconnection the second coil group 54 is wound with the second halfof the windings, the result after the insertion of this phase into theslots is the required number of wires, but the windings are distributedhalf to each of the winding heads. This has the advantage that thewinding heads are not so thick as in a single wave winding, and it hasan even stronger effect if three phases are inserted into one stator.

The mode of operation of the method and device of the invention can nowbe described in further detail.

FIG. 7 shows the beginning 28 of the winding wire that leads through thewire guide nozzle 22 to the wire guide head 26. By means of a drive, notshown, the wire guide head 26 moves along with the beginning 28 of thewire and guides it to the template 28 and transfers it to the clampingdevice 30. Next, the template 12 rotates clockwise together with theforming elements 14, 16 and 18 and winds half of the required windingsfor one phase onto the first coil group 50. Once the first coil group 50has been wound, its end 56 initially terminates as shown in FIG. 3.Next, only the forming element 16 moves radially forward to the centerinto its final position and places the end over the insertionlaminations 40. The first coil group 50 has thus been wound, and thetemplate 12 can dip into the coil receiver 38, and the coil group 50 isejected from the template 12 by means of ejectors 60.

To wind the second coil group 54, the template 12 must move out of thecoil receiver 38 as far as the winding position, just above theinsertion laminations 40, so that then by means of the drive motor 48the coil receiver 38 can be indexed relative to the template 12 by thedistance between two.successive poles.

In this example, it is 30ø counterclockwise, so that the end 56 isplaced as seen in FIG. 4. This end 56 is now the beginning for thesecond coil group 54 and now leads obliquely from the coil receiver 38to the wire guide nozzle 22, as seen in FIG. 1. For the sake of betterslaving of the winding wire as the winding is begun, the template 12 canbe lowered to above the first coil group 50, into the range of theinsertion laminations 40; the forming elements 14, 16 and 18 remain intheir position above the insertion laminations 40.

Since this oblique wire guidance also extends over one flank of a cam ofthe template 12, it is now simple, as the winding of the second coilgroup 54 begins, for the winding wire to be slaved by the template 12.

Before the winding, however, the slaving rod 32 first moves into theinsertion star 44, where it is coupled with positive engagement, so thatit rotates the coil receiver 38 synchronously when the template 12rotates. A synchronous rotation of the coil receiver 38 together withthe template 12 can also take place when the first coil group 50 isbeing wound. Before the second coil group 54 is wound, it is necessaryin some cases for a holding-down device 36 to hold the already-woundfirst coil group 50 back in the coil receiver 38 and keep it inposition, so that when the winding of the second coil group 54 begins,the winding wire will not be drawn from the coil receiver 38 but ratheronly out of the wire guide nozzle 22. The holding-down device 36, whichafter the winding of the second coil group 54 is located between thefirst and second coil groups, is tuned away by means of a cam 34 about apivot point 62 into an inner free space. This moving away of theholding-down device (36) is shown symbolically in FIGS. 1 and 2 on theleft-hand side of the center line. A lifting unit 64 is controllablesuch that the first coil group 50 is held in a desired position belowthe upper edge of the insertion laminations 40 and holding-down device36 in such a way that a secure beginning of winding of the second coilgroup 54 is assured.

As already noted, the end 56, that is, the beginning of the second coilgroup 54 after the indexing of the coil receiver 38 is located as seenin FIG. 1 and FIG. 4. The template 12 now rotates counterclockwisetogether with the coil receiver 38, and as a result pulls the windingwire out of the wire guide nozzle 22 and deforms it to form the secondwave-shaped coil group 54.

After the winding, the end 58 of the second coil group 54 is located infront of the forming element 18, as shown in FIG. 4. The forming element18 is now moved, by means of a drive not shown, radially toward thecenter into its end position, so that the end 58 is bent over theinsertion laminations 40. Thus the second coil group 54 is now fullywound as well.

Since this second coil group 54 is offset polewise from the first coilgroup 50 and was wound in the opposite direction, the result once thesecond coil group 54 has been ejected into the coil receiver 38 is awinding pattern as shown in FIG. 5. As a result, the circuitinterconnection 52 has automatically been integrated between the twocoil groups 50 and 54 when the winding of the second coil group 54 wasbegun, without forming unnecessary length. Finally, once the end 58 hasbeen cut with a cutting blade 24, the slaving rod 32 has to move out ofthe coil receiver 38. The coil receiver 38 can now circulate, forinstance by means of a turntable, not shown, out of the windingposition, and a new coil receiver can circulate into it. As the centerrod 32 moves outward, the cam 34 is slaved at the same time, and as aresult the holding-down device 36 is pivoted inward, so that it releasesthe coil groups.

It is also advantageous that with this device, a plurality of parallelwires can also be wound.

It is understood that innumerable further coil groups can follow, with acircuit interconnection to the previously wound ones. This is merely amatter of how the coil groups are designed in the stator. The more coilgroups a phase is divided into, the better the distribution of thewinding heads in the stator; but because of the frequent indexing of thetemplate 12 relative to the coil receiver 38, this has a negative effecton the cycle time.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for producing a distributed wave windingfor electric motors or generators, said wave winding having a crosssection and said device comprising: a fixed wire guide nozzle; atemplate rotatable relative to the fixed wire guide nozzle, the templatehaving a cross section corresponding to the cross section of the wavewinding so that, during rotation of the template, a coil wire is woundonto the template, turn by turn, into a wave form so as to form a firstcoil group of one phase; a coil receiver axially aligned with, androtatable in synchronism with, the template; ejector means fortransferring coil groups wound on the template to the coil receiver; andindexing means for providing relative indexing between the template andthe coil receiver such that, after said relative indexing, a furthercoil group of said one phase, wound on the template with aninterconnection to the first coil group, is in a position so as to betransferable to the coil receiver.
 2. The device of claim 1, furthercomprising a forming element for, between winding and transferring ofsaid first coil group, moving radially inwardly to provide furtherforming of a wire portion of the first coil group between the templateand the guide nozzle.
 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising aslaving rod for, in the winding of the further coil group, rotating thetemplate and the coil receiver synchronously.
 4. The device of claim 3further comprising an insertion star adapted to be coupled to saidslaving rod.
 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a holding-downdevice for restraining the first coil group in the coil receiver as thefurther coil group is beginning to be wound and a cam for moving theholding-down device inwardly to a releasing position.